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19-3142; Rev 2; 11/04
Low IBIAS, +1.4V/800nA, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps with +1.2V Buffered Reference
General Description
The single MAX4036/MAX4037 and dual MAX4038/ MAX4039 operational amplifiers operate from a single +1.4V to +3.6V (without reference) or +1.8V to +3.6V (with reference) supply and consume only 800nA of supply current per amplifier, and 1.1A for the optional reference. The MAX4036/MAX4038 feature a common-mode input voltage range from 0V to VDD - 0.4V at VDD = 1.4V. The MAX4037/MAX4039 feature a 1.232V voltage reference capable of sourcing 100A and sinking 20A. The MAX4036-MAX4039s' rail-to-rail outputs drive 5k loads to within 25mV of the rails. Ultra-low supply current, low operating voltage, and rail-to-rail outputs make the MAX4036-MAX4039 ideal for use in single-cell lithium-ion (Li+), or two-cell NiCd/NiMH/alkaline battery-powered applications. The MAX4036 is available in an SC70 package, the MAX4037 in a SOT23 package, and the MAX4038/ MAX4039 in UCSPTM, MAX(R), and TDFN packages. All devices are specified over the -40C to +85C extended temperature range.
Features
Ultra-Low 800nA per Amplifier Supply Current Ultra-Low 1.4V Supply Voltage Operation (1.8V for MAX4037/MAX4039) Rail-to-Rail Outputs Drive 5k and 5000pF Load 1.232V 0.5%, 120ppm/C (max) Reference (MAX4037/MAX4039) No External Reference Bypass Capacitor Required No Phase Reversal for Overdriven Inputs Low 1.0pA (typ) Input Bias Current Low 200V Input Offset Voltage Unity-Gain Stable Available in Tiny UCSP, SC70, SOT23, TDFN, and MAX Packages
MAX4036-MAX4039
Ordering Information
PART MAX4036EXK-T MAX4037EUT-T MAX4038ETA MAX4038EUA MAX4038EBL-T MAX4039EBL-T MAX4039ETB MAX4039EUB TEMP RANGE -40C to +85C -40C to +85C -40C to +85C -40C to +85C -40C to +85C -40C to +85C -40C to +85C -40C to +85C PINPACKAGE 5 SC70-5 6 SOT23-6 8 TDFN-EP* 8 MAX 9 UCSP-9 9 UCSP-9 10 TDFN-EP* 10 MAX TOP MARK AFR ABRX AGO -- AEG AEH AAN --
Applications
Battery-Powered/Solar-Powered Systems Portable Medical Instrumentation Pagers and Cell Phones Micropower Thermostats and Potentiostats Electrometer Amplifiers Remote Sensor Amplifiers Active Badges pH Meters
MAX is a registered trademark and UCSP is a trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
*EP = Exposed paddle. Pin Configurations and Selector Guide appear at end of data sheet.
Functional Diagram
3V
OUTA
Typical Operating Circuit
VDD INAOUTA
MAX4039
VDD
INA-
OUTB
INA+ REF
INB-
MAX4039
INB-
SENSOR
INA+ REF INB+ REF VSS
INB+ VSS
OUTB
ADC
THREE-ELECTRODE POTENTIOSTAT APPLICATION
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products
1
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim's website at www.maxim-ic.com.
Low IBIAS, +1.4V/800nA, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps with +1.2V Buffered Reference MAX4036-MAX4039
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
VDD to VSS .............................................................-0.3V to +4.0V INA+, INB+, INA-, INB-, IN+, IN-, OUTA, OUTB, OUT, REF .........................(VSS - 0.3V) to (VDD + 0.3V) OUTA, OUTB, OUT, REF Shorted to VSS or VDD .......Continuous Maximum Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70C) 5-Pin SC70 (derate 3.1mW/C above +70C) ..............247mW 6-Pin SOT23 (derate 8.7mW/C above +70C)............696mW 8-Pin MAX (derate 4.5mW/C above +70C) .............362mW 8-Pin TDFN (derate 24.4mW/C above +70C) .........1951mW 9-Bump UCSP (derate 5.2mW/C above +70C).........412mW 10-Pin MAX (derate 5.6mW/C above +70C) ...........444mW 10-Pin TDFN (derate 24.4mW/C above +70C) .......1951mW Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40C to +85C Junction Temperature .....................................................+150C Storage Temperature Range .............................-65C to +150C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300C
Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VDD = +3V, VSS = VCM = 0V, VOUT_ = VDD/2, RL to VDD/2, CL = 15pF, TA = +25C, unless otherwise specified.)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MAX4036/MAX4038, guaranteed by PSRR tests Supply Voltage Range VDD MAX4037/MAX4039, guaranteed by PSRR and line regulation tests MAX4036 MAX4037 Supply Current IDD MAX4038 MAX4039 OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS Input Offset Voltage Input Bias Current Input Offset Current VOS IB IOS (Note 1) (Note 1) VDD = 1.4V (MAX4036/MAX4038 only) Input Common-Mode Voltage Range VCM Guaranteed by CMRR test VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.3V VDD = 1.4V, VSS VCM (VDD - 0.4V) (MAX4036/MAX4038 only) Common-Mode Rejection Ratio CMRR VDD = 1.8V, VSS VCM (VDD - 0.3V) VDD = 3.3V, VSS VCM (VDD - 0.2V) Power-Supply Rejection Ratio PSRR 1.4V VDD 3.6V (MAX4036/MAX4038 only) 1.8V VDD 3.6V VSS VSS VSS 50 50 56 62 62 70 70 76 82 84 dB dB 0.2 1.0 0.3 2.0 10 20 VDD 0.4 VDD 0.3 VDD 0.2 V mV pA pA VDD = 1.4V VDD = 3.6V VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.6V VDD = 1.4V VDD = 3.6V VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.6V MIN 1.4 1.8 0.8 0.9 1.9 2.0 1.7 1.9 2.8 3.0 TYP MAX 3.6 V 3.6 1.2 1.3 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.5 4.0 4.1 A UNITS
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Low IBIAS, +1.4V/800nA, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps with +1.2V Buffered Reference
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(VDD = +3V, VSS = VCM = 0V, VOUT_ = VDD/2, RL to VDD/2, CL = 15pF, TA = +25C, unless otherwise specified.)
PARAMETER Large-Signal Voltage Gain Output Voltage Swing High Output Voltage Swing Low Output Short-Circuit Current Gain-Bandwidth Product Phase Margin Slew Rate Power-On Time Input Noise-Voltage Density Capacitive-Load Stability REFERENCE (MAX4037/MAX4039) Reference Voltage Line Regulation Load Regulation Reference Output Voltage Noise Output Short-Circuit Current Capacitive-Load Stability Range VREF VREF/ VDD VREF/ ILOAD en ISCR CLOAD VDD = +1.8V to +3.6V 0 ILOAD 100A, sourcing -20A ILOAD 0, sinking 0.1Hz to 10Hz Short to VDD Short to VSS (Note 1) 0 60 0.25 1.9 250 1.226 1.232 1.238 0.3 0.0015 0.0075 V %/V %/A VP-P mA pF SYMBOL AVOL VDD - VOH VOL - VSS ISCO GBW M SR tON en CLOAD (Note 3) f = 1kHz AVCL = 1V/V, no sustained oscillations CONDITIONS RL = 100k, 50mV VOUT (VDD - 50mV) RL = 5k, 150mV VOUT (VDD - 150mV) RL = 100k RL = 5k RL = 100k RL = 5k To VDD or VSS MIN 80 78 TYP 108 105 2 25 2 25 13 4 90 0.4 0.25 500 5000 5 50 5 50 MAX UNITS dB mV mV mA kHz Degrees V/ms ms nV/Hz pF
MAX4036-MAX4039
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VDD = +3V, VSS = VCM = 0V, VOUT_ = VDD/2, RL to VDD/2, CL = 15pF, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise specified.) (Note 2)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MAX4036/MAX4038, guaranteed by PSRR test Supply Voltage Range VDD MAX4037/MAX4039, guaranteed by PSRR and line regulation tests MAX4036 MAX4037 Supply Current IDD MAX4038 MAX4039 VDD = 1.4V VDD = 3.6V VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.6V VDD = 1.4V VDD = 3.6V VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.6V MIN 1.4 1.8 TYP MAX 3.6 V 3.6 1.7 1.8 3.1 3.2 2.9 3.2 5.2 5.3 A UNITS
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Low IBIAS, +1.4V/800nA, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps with +1.2V Buffered Reference MAX4036-MAX4039
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(VDD = +3V, VSS = VCM = 0V, VOUT_ = VDD/2, RL to VDD/2, CL = 15pF, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise specified.) (Note 2)
PARAMETER OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS Input Offset Voltage Input Offset Voltage Temperature Coefficient Input Bias Current Input Offset Current VOS TCVOS IB IOS VDD = 1.4V (MAX4036/MAX4038 only) Input Common-Mode Voltage Range VCM Guaranteed by CMRR test VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.3V VDD = 1.4V, VSS VCM (VDD - 0.4V) (MAX4036/MAX4038 only) Common-Mode Rejection Ratio CMRR VDD = 1.8V, VSS VCM (VDD - 0.4V) VDD = 3.3V, VSS VCM (VDD - 0.2V) Power-Supply Rejection Ratio PSRR 1.4V VDD 3.6V (MAX4036/MAX4038 only) 1.8V VDD 3.6V Large-Signal Voltage Gain AVOL RL = 100k, 50mV VOUT (VDD - 50mV) RL = 5k, 150mV VOUT (VDD - 150mV) Output Voltage Swing High Output Voltage Swing Low REFERENCE (MAX4037/MAX4039) Reference Voltage Temperature Coefficient Line Regulation Load Regulation Capacitive-Load Stability Range TCVREF VREF/ VDD VREF/ ILOAD CLOAD MAX4037EUT-T, MAX4039ETB, (Note 1) MAX4039EUB MAX4039EBL-T VDD = 1.8V to 3.6V 0 ILOAD 100A, sourcing -20A ILOAD 0, sinking (Note 1) 0 25 35 120 200 0.6 0.003 0.015 250 %/V %/A pF ppm/C VDD - VOH VOL - VSS RL = 100k RL = 5k RL = 100k RL = 5k VSS VSS VSS 44 50 52 60 60 75 73 10 100 10 100 mV mV dB dB dB 1 100 200 VDD 0.4 VDD 0.4 VDD 0.2 V 8 mV V/C pA pA SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Note 1: Guaranteed by design. Note 2: All devices are production tested at TA = +25C. All temperature limits are guaranteed by design. Note 3: Output settles within 1% of final value.
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Low IBIAS, +1.4V/800nA, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps with +1.2V Buffered Reference
Typical Operating Characteristics
(VDD = 3V, VSS = VCM = 0V, RL to VDD/2, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX4036 SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE AND TEMPERATURE
MAX4036 toc01
MAX4036-MAX4039
MAX4037 SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE AND TEMPERATURE
MAX4036 toc02
MAX4038 SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE AND TEMPERATURE
MAX4036 toc03
1.6
3.0 TA = +85C 2.5 SUPPLY CURRENT (A) 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 TA = -40C TA = +25C
3.0 2.5 SUPPLY CURRENT (A) 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 TA = -40C TA = +85C TA = +25C
SUPPLY CURRENT (A)
1.2
TA = +85C
TA = +25C
0.8
0.4
TA = -40C
0 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.6 3.0 3.4 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
0 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
1.4
1.8
2.2
2.6
3.0
3.4
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
MAX4039 SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE AND TEMPERATURE
MAX4036 toc04
OFFSET VOLTAGE vs. COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE
MAX4036 toc05
OFFSET VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX4036 toc06
5 TA = +85C TA = +25C
1.0
0.30 0.20 OFFSET VOLTAGE (mV) 0.10 0 -0.10 -0.20 -0.30
4 SUPPLY CURRENT (A)
0.8 OFFSET VOLTAGE (mV)
3
0.6 VDD = 1.4V 0.4
VDD = 1.8V
VDD = 3.0V
2 TA = -40C 1
0.2
0 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
0 0 1 2 3 COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V)
-40
-15
10
35
60
85
TEMPERATURE (C)
INPUT BIAS CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX4036 toc07
INPUT BIAS CURRENT vs. COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE
MAX4036 toc08
OP AMP POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO vs. FREQUENCY
-10 -20 -30 PSRR (dB) AV = 1V/V
MAX4036 toc09
40
40
0
INPUT BIAS CURRENT (pA)
30 INPUT BIAS CURRENT (pA)
30 TA = +85C 20
20
-40 -50 -60 -70
10
VCM = 3V
0 VCM = 0V -40 -15 10 35 60 85
10 TA = +25C 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V)
-80 -90 -100 10 100 1k 10k FREQUENCY (Hz)
-10
TEMPERATURE (C)
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Low IBIAS, +1.4V/800nA, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps with +1.2V Buffered Reference MAX4036-MAX4039
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VDD = 3V, VSS = VCM = 0V, RL to VDD/2, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING HIGH vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX4036 toc10
OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING LOW vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX4036 toc11
AV vs. OUTPUT SWING LOW
RL = 5k 120
MAX4036 toc12
30 25 VDD - VOH (mV) 20 15 10 5 RL = 100k 0 -40 -15 10 35 60
35 30 25 VOL - VSS (mV) 20 15 10 RL = 5k
140
RL = 5k
100 AV (dB) RL = 100k 80
60 5 0 85 -40 -15 10 35 60 85 TEMPERATURE (C) TEMPERATURE (C) RL = 100k 40 0 100 200 300 400 500 VOL (mV)
AV vs. OUTPUT SWING HIGH
MAX4036 toc13
AV vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX4036 toc14
CROSSTALK vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4038/MAX4039 AV = 1V/V -20 CROSSTALK (dB)
MAX4036 toc15
140 RL = 5k 120
140 120 100 AVOL (dB)
0
100 AV (dB)
RL = 5k RL = 100k 80 60 40
RL = 100k
-40 RL = 5k -60 RL = 100k
80
60 20 40 0 100 200 300 400 500 VDD - VOH (mV) 0 -40 -15 10 35 60 85 TEMPERATURE (C)
-80
-100 0 0.1 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 10k 100k
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PLUS NOISE vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4036 toc16
OP AMP STABILITY vs. CAPACITIVE AND RESISTIVE LOADS
MAX4036 toc17
OP AMP SINK CURRENT vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE
VID = -100mV 12 SINK CURRENT (mA) 10 8 6 VDD = 1.8V 4 2 0 VDD = 3.0V
MAX4036 toc18
100
AV = 1V/V VIN_ = VDD/2
100,000 UNSTABLE REGION CAPACITIVE LOAD (pF) 10,000
14
10 THD+N (%)
1 VOUT = 2.5VP-P RL = 5k TO VSS 0.1 VOUT = 2.5VP-P RL = 100k TO VSS
1000 STABLE REGION 100
RL TO VSS 100k RESISTIVE LOAD () 1M
0.01 0.01 0.1 1 FREQUENCY (kHz) 10 100
10k
0
0.6
1.2
1.8
2.4
3.0
VOUT_ (V)
6
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Low IBIAS, +1.4V/800nA, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps with +1.2V Buffered Reference MAX4036-MAX4039
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VDD = 3V, VSS = VCM = 0V, RL to VDD/2, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
OP AMP SOURCE CURRENT vs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE
MAX4036 toc19
OP AMP VOLTAGE NOISE DENSITY vs. FREQUENCY
MAX4036 toc20
18 16 SOURCE CURRENT (mA) 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4 VDD = 1.8V VDD = 3.0V VID = +100mV
1000
100 NOISE (V/Hz) 3.0
10
1
0.1 10 100 1k 10k VOUT_ (V) FREQUENCY (Hz)
OP AMP SMALL-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE
MAX4036 toc21
OP AMP SMALL-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE
2.55V VIN+ AV = 1V/V CL = 250pF TO VSS RL = 1M TO VSS
MAX4036 toc22
2.55V
AV = 1V/V CL = 12pF TO VSS RL = 1M TO VSS
VIN+ 2.45V
2.45V
2.55V VOUT_ 2.45V
2.55V VOUT_ 2.45V
40s/div
OP AMP LARGE-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE
2.5V AV = 1V/V CL = 12pF TO VSS RL = 1M TO VSS
MAX4036 toc23
OP AMP TURN-ON TRANSIENT RESPONSE
MAX4036 toc24
3.0V VDD
VIN+ 1.5V
AV = 1V/V CL = 12pF TO GND RL = 1M TO GND VIN+ = VDD / 2
0V
VOUT_ 500mV/div
VOUT_ 50mV/div
100s/div
100s/div
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Low IBIAS, +1.4V/800nA, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps with +1.2V Buffered Reference MAX4036-MAX4039
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VDD = 3V, VSS = VCM = 0V, RL to VDD/2, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
GAIN AND PHASE vs. FREQUENCY
80 70 60 50 GAIN (dB) 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 1 PHASE GAIN
MAX4036 toc25
LARGE-SIGNAL GAIN vs. FREQUENCY
-2 -6 PHASE (DEGREES) GAIN (dB) -10 -14 -18 -22 -26 -30 100 1k 10k 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) AV = 1 VOUT_ = 1VP-P CL = 12pF RL = 5k RL = 100k RL = 1M
MAX4036 toc26
180 135 90 45 0 -45
2
AV = 1000V/V VIN_ = 1mVP-P 10 100 1k 10k
-90 -135 100k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
REFERENCE VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX4037/MAX4039
MAX4036 toc27
REFERENCE VOLTAGE CHANGE vs. TIME
MAX4036 toc28
REFERENCE VOLTAGE CHANGE vs. LOAD CURRENT
TA = +85C 1.01 NORMALIZED VREF TA = +25C TA = -40C 1.00
MAX4036 toc29
1.236
1.234
1.02
1.234
1.233 MAX4037 1.232 MAX4039 1.231
VREF (V)
1.230
VREF (V)
1.232
0.99
1.228
1.226 -40 -15 10 35 60 85 TEMPERATURE (C)
1.230 0 100 200 300 TIME (HR) 400 500 600
0.98 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500 LOAD CURRENT (A)
REFERENCE VOLTAGE CHANGE vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX4036 toc30
REFERENCE LINE-TRANSIENT RESPONSE
3.6V VDD 1.8V
MAX4036 toc31
1.0003 1.0002 1.0001 NORMALIZED VREF 1.0000 0.9999 0.9998 0.9997 0.9996 0.9995 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 VDD (V) 3.0 3.3 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C
0V
VREF AC-COUPLED 50mV/div
3.6
1ms/div
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Low IBIAS, +1.4V/800nA, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps with +1.2V Buffered Reference MAX4036-MAX4039
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VDD = 3V, VSS = VCM = 0V, RL to VDD/2, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
REFERENCE LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE (SINKING CURRENT)
MAX4036 toc32
REFERENCE LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE (SINKING CURRENT)
MAX4036 toc33
0 IREF 2A
0 IREF 20A
VREF 500mV/div
VREF 500mV/div
0 2.5ms/div
0 2.5ms/div
REFERENCE LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE (SOURCING CURRENT)
MAX4036 toc34
REFERENCE LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE (SOURCING CURRENT)
MAX4036 toc35
10A IREF 0
100A IREF 0
VREF 500mV/div 0 1ms/div
VREF 500mV/div 0 1ms/div
REFERENCE TURN-ON TRANSIENT RESPONSE
MAX4036 toc36
0.1Hz TO 10Hz REFERENCE NOISE
MAX4036 toc37
3V VDD
0V
VREF 0V 1s/div 20V/div
1ms/div
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9
Low IBIAS, +1.4V/800nA, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps with +1.2V Buffered Reference MAX4036-MAX4039
Pin Description
PIN MAX4036 1 2 3 4 5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- MAX4037 3 2 4 1 6 5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- MAX4038 MAX/TDFN -- 4 -- -- 8 -- 1 2 3 5 6 7 -- -- UCSP -- A2 -- -- C2 -- C1 B1 A1 A3 B3 C3 B2 -- MAX4039 MAX/TDFN -- 5 -- -- 10 6 1 2 3 7 8 9 4 -- UCSP -- A2 -- -- C2 B2 C1 B1 A1 A3 B3 C3 -- -- IN+ VSS INOUT VDD REF OUTA INAINA+ INB+ INBOUTB N.C. EP (TDFN only) Noninverting Amplifier Input Negative Power-Supply Voltage Inverting Amplifier Input Amplifier Output Positive Power-Supply Voltage Reference Voltage Output Amplifier Output (Channel A) Inverting Amplifier Input (Channel A) Noninverting Amplifier Input (Channel A) Noninverting Amplifier Input (Channel B) Inverting Amplifier Input (Channel B) Amplifier Output (Channel B) No Connection. Not internally connected. Exposed Paddle. Solder EP to VSS or leave unconnected (TDFN packages only). NAME FUNCTION
Detailed Description
The MAX4036-MAX4039 consume an ultra-low supply current and have rail-to-rail output stages specifically designed for low-voltage operation. The input commonmode voltage range extends from VDD - 0.4V to VSS, although full rail-to-rail input range is possible with degraded performance when operating from a supply voltage above 3.0V. The input offset voltage is typically 200V. Low-operating supply voltage, low supply current, and rail-to-rail outputs make the MAX4036-MAX4039 an excellent choice for precision or general-purpose lowvoltage, battery-powered systems.
AV = 1V/V VIN_+ 1.5V
VOUT+
1.5V
Rail-to-Rail Outputs
The MAX4036-MAX4039 output stages can drive a 5k load and still swing to within 40mV of the rails. Figure 1 shows the output voltage swing of the MAX4036- MAX4039 configured as a unity-gain buffer, powered from a single 2.4V supply. The output for this setup typically swings from 5mV to VDD - 5mV with a 100k load.
2ms/div 1V/div
Figure 1. Rail-to-Rail Input/Output Voltage Range
10
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Low IBIAS, +1.4V/800nA, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps with +1.2V Buffered Reference
Applications Information
Power-Supply Considerations
The MAX4036-MAX4039 operate from a single 1.4V (MAX4036/MAX4038) or 1.8V (MAX4037/MAX4039) to 3.6V supply. A high amplifier power-supply rejection ratio of 82dB and the excellent reference line regulation allow the devices to be powered directly from a decaying battery voltage, simplifying design and extending battery life. The MAX4036-MAX4039 are ideally suited for low-voltage battery-powered systems. The Typical Operating Characteristics show the changes in supply current and reference output as a function of supply voltage.
INPUT VTHR VTHF VOH OUTPUT VOL VHB
MAX4036-MAX4039
Figure 3. Hysteresis
Power-Up Settling Time
The MAX4036-MAX4039 typically require 0.25ms to power-up. During this startup time, the output is indeterminate. The application circuit should allow for this initial delay. See the Typical Operating Characteristics for amplifier and reference settling time curves.
distortion as the output stage passes between sinking and sourcing. In the crossover regions, the output impedance of the MAX4036-MAX4039 increases substantially, thereby changing the load-driving characteristics. The distortion can be greatly reduced by increasing the load resistance. For applications where low load resistance is required, bias the load such that the output current is always in one direction, to avoid crossover distortion.
Driving Capacitive Loads: Op Amps
The MAX4036-MAX4039 amplifier(s) require no output capacitor for stability, and are unity-gain stable for loads up to 5000pF. Applications that require greater capacitive-drive capability should use an isolation resistor between the output and the capacitive load (Figure 2). Note that this solution reduces the gain and output voltage swing because RISO forms a voltagedivider with the load resistor.
Reference Bypassing
The MAX4037/MAX4039 reference requires no external capacitors.
Using the MAX4036-MAX4039 as a Comparator
Although optimized for use as an operational amplifier, the MAX4036-MAX4039 can be used as a rail-to-rail I/O comparator (Figures 3, 4). External hysteresis can be used to minimize the risk of output oscillation. The positive feedback circuit, shown in Figure 4, causes the input threshold to change when the output voltage changes state.
Crossover Distortion
The MAX4036-MAX4039 output stages are capable of sourcing and sinking currents with orders of magnitude greater than the stages' quiescent current, which is less than 1A. This ability to drive heavy loads with such a small quiescent current introduces crossover
Battery Monitoring Using the MAX4037/MAX4039 and Hysteresis
The internal reference and low operating voltage of the MAX4037/MAX4039 make the devices ideal for batterymonitoring applications. Hysteresis can be set using resistors as shown in Figure 4, and the following design procedure: 1) Choose R3. The input bias current of IN_+ is under 100pA over temperature, so a current through R3 around 100nA maintains accuracy. The current through R3 at the trip point is VREF / R3, or 100nA for R3 = 12M. 10M is a good practical value. 2) Choose the hysteresis voltage (VHB), the voltage between the upper and lower thresholds. In this example, choose VHB = 50mV (see Figure 3).
RISO
MAX4038
RL
CL
AV =
RL =1 RL + RISO
Figure 2. Using a Resistor to Isolate a Capacitive Load from the Op Amp ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11
Low IBIAS, +1.4V/800nA, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps with +1.2V Buffered Reference MAX4036-MAX4039
3) Calculate R1: R1 = R 3 x VHB VDD 0.5V = 10M x 2.4 V = 210k
R3
VDD R1 VBATT IN+ OUT R2 INVBGOOD VDD
4) 5)
Choose the threshold voltage for VIN rising (VTHR). In this example, choose VTHR = 2.0V. Calculate R2: R2 = 1
REF
VSS
VTHR 1 1 - R1 - R 3 VREF x R1 1 = 2.0V 1 1 - - 210k 10M 1.2V x 210k = 325k
VREF
MAX4037
VSS
Figure 4. Battery Monitoring
6)
Verify the threshold voltages with these formulas: VIN rising:
PART
Selector Guide
NO. OF AMPLIFIERS 1 1 2 2 REFERENCE -- -- MAX4036 MAX4037 MAX4038 MAX4039
1 1 1 VTHR = VREF x R1 x + + R1 R2 R3 VIN falling: R1 x VDD VTHF = VTHR - R3 In this application, the MAX4036-MAX4039 supply current will vary, depending on the output state of the comparator.
Chip Information
MAX4036 TRANSISTOR COUNT: 49 MAX4037 TRANSISTOR COUNT: 119 MAX4038 TRANSISTOR COUNT: 146 MAX4039 TRANSISTOR COUNT: 146 PROCESS: BiCMOS
Power Supplies and Layout
The MAX4036-MAX4039 operate from a single 1.4V (MAX4036/MAX4038) or 1.8V (MAX4037/MAX4039) to 3.6V power supply. Bypass VDD with a 0.1F capacitor to ground to minimize noise. Good layout techniques optimize performance by decreasing the amount of stray capacitance to the op amp's inputs and outputs. To decrease stray capacitance, minimize trace lengths by placing external components close to the device. The exposed paddle (EP) on the TDFN packages of the MAX4038 and MAX4039 is internally connected to the device substrate, VSS. Connect the exposed paddle to VSS or leave EP unconnected. Running traces below the exposed paddle is not recommended.
12
______________________________________________________________________________________
Low IBIAS, +1.4V/800nA, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps with +1.2V Buffered Reference
Pin Configurations
TOP VIEW
IN+ 1 5 VDD OUT 1 6 VDD
MAX4036-MAX4039
VSS 2
MAX4036
VSS 2
MAX4037
5 REF
IN- 3
4 OUT
IN+ 3
4 IN-
SC70
SOT23
OUTA 1 INA- 2
8 VDD 7 OUTB
OUTA 1 INA- 2 INA+ 3 VSS 4
8 VDD 7 OUTB
MAX4038
INA+ 3 VSS 4 6 INB5 INB+
MAX4038
6 INB5 INB+
MAX
3mm x 3mm x 0.8mm TDFN
TDFN EXPOSED PAD CONNECTED TO VSS.
OUTA 1 INAINA+ N.C. VSS 2 3 4 5
10 VDD 9 OUTB
OUTA 1 INA- 2 INA+ 3 N.C. 4 VSS 5
10 VDD 9 OUTB
MAX4039
8 INB7 INB+ 6 REF
MAX4039
8 INB7 INB+ 6 REF
MAX (BUMP SIDE DOWN) MAX4038
A INA+ VSS INB+
3mm x 3mm x 0.8mm TDFN
TDFN EXPOSED PAD CONNECTED TO VSS.
MAX4039
A INA+ VSS INB+
B
INA-
N.C.
INB-
B
INA-
REF
INB-
C
OUTA 1
VDD 2
OUTB 3
C
OUTA 1
VDD 2
OUTB 3
UCSP
UCSP
______________________________________________________________________________________
13
Low IBIAS, +1.4V/800nA, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps with +1.2V Buffered Reference MAX4036-MAX4039
Package Information
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
SC70, 5L.EPS
PACKAGE OUTLINE, 5L SC70
21-0076
C
1 1
14
______________________________________________________________________________________
Low IBIAS, +1.4V/800nA, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps with +1.2V Buffered Reference
Package Information (continued)
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
6LSOT.EPS
MAX4036-MAX4039
PACKAGE OUTLINE, SOT-23, 6L
21-0058
F
1 1
______________________________________________________________________________________
15
Low IBIAS, +1.4V/800nA, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps with +1.2V Buffered Reference MAX4036-MAX4039
Package Information (continued)
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
8LUMAXD.EPS
4X S
8
8
INCHES DIM A A1 A2 b MIN 0.002 0.030 MAX 0.043 0.006 0.037
MILLIMETERS MAX MIN 0.05 0.75 1.10 0.15 0.95
y 0.500.1
E
H
0.60.1
c D e E H L
1
1
0.60.1
S
D
BOTTOM VIEW
0.014 0.010 0.007 0.005 0.120 0.116 0.0256 BSC 0.120 0.116 0.198 0.188 0.026 0.016 6 0 0.0207 BSC
0.25 0.36 0.13 0.18 2.95 3.05 0.65 BSC 2.95 3.05 4.78 5.03 0.41 0.66 0 6 0.5250 BSC
TOP VIEW
A2
A1
A
c e b L
SIDE VIEW
FRONT VIEW
PROPRIETARY INFORMATION TITLE:
PACKAGE OUTLINE, 8L uMAX/uSOP
APPROVAL DOCUMENT CONTROL NO. REV.
21-0036
1 1
J
16
______________________________________________________________________________________
Low IBIAS, +1.4V/800nA, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps with +1.2V Buffered Reference
Package Information (continued)
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
6, 8, &10L, DFN THIN.EPS
MAX4036-MAX4039
D
N
PIN 1 INDEX AREA
E
DETAIL A
E2
C L
C L
L A e e
L
PACKAGE OUTLINE, 6, 8, 10 & 14L, TDFN, EXPOSED PAD, 3x3x0.80 mm
NUMBER OF LEADS SHOWN ARE FOR REFERENCE ONLY
21-0137
F
1
2
COMMON DIMENSIONS SYMBOL A D E A1 L k A2 MIN. 0.70 2.90 2.90 0.00 MAX. 0.80 3.10 3.10 0.05
0.40 0.20 0.25 MIN. 0.20 REF.
PACKAGE VARIATIONS PKG. CODE T633-1 T833-1 T1033-1 T1433-1 T1433-2 N 6 8 10 14 14 D2 1.500.10 1.500.10 1.500.10 1.700.10 1.700.10 E2 2.300.10 2.300.10 2.300.10 2.300.10 2.300.10 e 0.95 BSC 0.65 BSC 0.50 BSC 0.40 BSC 0.40 BSC JEDEC SPEC MO229 / WEEA MO229 / WEEC MO229 / WEED-3 ------b 0.400.05 0.300.05 0.250.05 0.200.03 0.200.03 [(N/2)-1] x e 1.90 REF 1.95 REF 2.00 REF 2.40 REF 2.40 REF
PACKAGE OUTLINE, 6, 8, 10 & 14L, TDFN, EXPOSED PAD, 3x3x0.80 mm
21-0137
F
2
2
______________________________________________________________________________________
17
Low IBIAS, +1.4V/800nA, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps with +1.2V Buffered Reference MAX4036-MAX4039
Package Information (continued)
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
10LUMAX.EPS
1 1
e
10
4X S
10
INCHES MAX DIM MIN 0.043 A 0.006 A1 0.002 A2 0.030 0.037 0.120 D1 0.116 0.118 D2 0.114 0.120 E1 0.116 0.118 E2 0.114 0.199 H 0.187 L 0.0157 0.0275 L1 0.037 REF 0.0106 b 0.007 e 0.0197 BSC c 0.0035 0.0078 0.0196 REF S 0 6
MILLIMETERS MAX MIN 1.10 0.15 0.05 0.75 0.95 3.05 2.95 2.89 3.00 3.05 2.95 2.89 3.00 4.75 5.05 0.40 0.70 0.940 REF 0.177 0.270 0.500 BSC 0.090 0.200 0.498 REF 0 6
H 0 0.500.1 0.60.1
1
1
0.60.1
TOP VIEW
BOTTOM VIEW
D2 GAGE PLANE A2 A b A1 D1
E2
c
E1 L1
L
FRONT VIEW
SIDE VIEW
PROPRIETARY INFORMATION TITLE:
PACKAGE OUTLINE, 10L uMAX/uSOP
APPROVAL DOCUMENT CONTROL NO. REV.
21-0061
I
18
______________________________________________________________________________________
Low IBIAS, +1.4V/800nA, Rail-to-Rail Op Amps with +1.2V Buffered Reference
Package Information (continued)
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
MAX4036-MAX4039
PACKAGE OUTLINE, 3x3 UCSP 21-0093 I
1 1
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 ____________________ 19 (c) 2004 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.

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